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Anatomy

Research of the group is focused on the carbonic anhydrase enzymes.

Publications

2026

  • Carbonic anhydrase-related proteins VIII, X, and XI: Evolutionary divergence and emerging biological roles

    Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) constitute a large family of zinc metalloenzymes best known for catalyzing the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. Within this family, three isoforms-carbonic anhydrase-related proteins (CARPs) VIII, X, and XI-are unusual because they lack catalytic activity due to substitutions in three histidine residues required for coordination of the catalytic Zn²⁺ ion. Despite the absence of enzymatic activity, these proteins are evolutionarily conserved and show distinct...

  • Mitochondrial carbonic anhydrases VA and VB: Metabolic roles and clinical significance

    Mitochondrial carbonic anhydrases VA and VB (CA VA and CA VB) are localized within the mitochondrial matrix. These zinc-containing enzymes catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and protons, thereby providing bicarbonate for essential mitochondrial metabolic reactions and contributing to intracellular pH balance. CA VA is predominantly expressed in the liver and plays a key role in supplying bicarbonate for pathways such as gluconeogenesis, ureagenesis, and...

  • Carbonic anhydrases IV and XV

    Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) IV and XV are glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane-associated enzymes involved in the regulation of pH and ion homeostasis. This review summarizes current knowledge on their structure, post-translational modifications, tissue distribution, physiological roles, and inhibition profiles. CA IV is widely expressed across multiple tissues, including kidney, lung, brain, and reproductive organs, where it participates in ion transport processes and forms...

  • First-in-class nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and carbonic anhydrase inhibitor hybrid compounds as effective antimycobacterial agents

    We investigated the in vitro effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-carbonic anhydrase inhibitor hybrids (NSAID-CAIs) on β-carbonic anhydrases 1-3 expressed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as well as their antimycobacterial efficacy in a zebrafish infection model. The primary aims were to investigate whether these enzymes represent valid therapeutic targets and whether NSAID-CAIs constitute potential drug candidates for tuberculosis. In vitro inhibition activity against the carbonic...

2025

  • The role of digital twins in P4 medicine: A paradigm for modern healthcare

    P4 medicine (Predictive, Preventive, Personalized, and Participatory) offers a comprehensive approach to personalized healthcare, emphasizing both the transition from disease to wellness and the importance of preventive care. In this perspective, we propose a novel extension to P4 medicine. Specifically, we argue that combining P4 medicine with digital twins (DTs) introduces capabilities that elevate it far beyond its current scope. While P4 medicine provides a conceptual framework grounded in...

  • Trichomonas vaginalis carbonic anhydrase

    Trichomoniasis is the most common sexually transmitted infection. It is caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Nitroimidazoles, particularly metronidazole and tinidazole, have been the main treatment options for decades. They still remain the standard treatment, and resistance to them is relatively rare. However, cases of resistance do occur, and the side effects can be significant. This highlights the urgent need for new drugs with different mechanisms of action. Promisingly, several...

  • Entamoeba histolytica carbonic anhydrase

    Amoebiasis, caused by Entamoeba histolytica, remains a major public health issue, particularly in developing countries with poor sanitation. It is also a significant challenge among those who travel to endemic areas, causing, in many cases, so-called traveler diarrhea. Approximately 10 percent of the global population is estimated to be affected by this parasitic infection. The primary route of transmission is the consumption of food or water contaminated with E. histolytica cysts. While most...

  • TFBSFootprinter: a multiomics tool for prediction of transcription factor binding sites in vertebrate species

    BACKGROUND: Transcription factor (TF) proteins play a critical role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression via sequence-specific binding to genomic locations known as transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs). Accurate prediction of TFBSs is essential for understanding gene regulation, disease mechanisms, and drug discovery. These studies are therefore relevant not only in humans but also in model organisms and domesticated and wild animals. However, current tools for the automatic...

  • Evolution is in the details: Regulatory differences in modern human and Neanderthal

    Transcription factor (TF) proteins play a critical role in the regulation of eukaryote gene expression via sequence-specific binding to genomic locations known as TF binding sites. We studied sites of genomic variation between modern human and Neanderthal promoters. We detected significant differences in the binding affinities of 110 TFs to the promoters of 75 target genes. The TFs were enriched for terms related to vision, motor neurons, homeobox, and brain, whereas the target genes and their...

  • Editorial: Emerging advancements in the carbonic anhydrase field

    No abstract

  • Keloid vasculature reacts to intralesional injection therapies but does not predict the response to treatment: Biopsies from double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial

    Keloids are benign fibroproliferative skin scars that expand beyond the original wound site. Hypoxia and angiogenesis are thought to drive pathological scar formation in keloids. We utilized biopsies collected before, during and after the double-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the intralesional treatments of 5-fluorouracil and triamcinolone injections in 48 human keloids. We could not detect any cells expressing the hypoxia markers (carbonic anhydrase 9 and hypoxia-inducible...

  • Physiological role of bicarbonate in microbes: A double-edged sword?

    HCO(3)^(-) is involved in pH homoeostasis and plays a multifaceted role in human health. HCO(3)^(-) has been recognized for its antimicrobial properties and is pivotal in bacterial antibiotic susceptibility. Notably, the interconversion between CO(2) and HCO(3)^(-), facilitated by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA), is crucial in tissues infected by pathogens. Studies have highlighted the antimicrobial potency of CA inhibitors, emphasizing the importance of this enzyme in this area. The...

  • Pharmacological inhibition of carbonic anhydrases with a positively charged pyridinium sulfonamide phenocopies the neuroprotective effects of <em>Car9</em> genetic ablation in a murine setting of oxygen/glucose deprivation followed by re-oxygenation and is associated with improved neuronal function in ischemic rats

    Carbonic anhydrases constitute a family of metalloenzymes vital for maintaining acid-base balance and regulating pH in physio-pathological processes. These findings suggest carbonic anhydrases as potential therapeutic targets for treating pH-associated disorders, including cerebral ischemia, to mitigate hypoxia- and reoxygenation-induced neuronal damage. A focus on carbonic anhydrase IX showed that ischemic stress altered subcellular distributions of this enzyme in rodent neuronal populations....

  • Tuberculosis vaccines and therapeutic drug: challenges and future directions

    Tuberculosis (TB) remains a prominent global health challenge, with the World Health Organization documenting over 1 million annual fatalities. Despite the deployment of the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine and available therapeutic agents, the escalation of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains underscores the pressing need for more efficacious vaccines and treatments. This review meticulously maps out the contemporary landscape of TB vaccine development, with a focus on...

2024

  1. Arppo, A, Barker, H, Parkkila, S. Bioinformatic characterization of ENPEP, the gene encoding a potential cofactor for SARS-CoV-2 infection. PLoS One. 2024;19 (12):e0307731. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0307731. PubMed PMID:39661628 PubMed Central PMC11633960.
  2. Manaithiya, A, Bhowmik, R, Bhattacharya, K, Ray, R, Shyamal, SS, Carta, F et al.. A cheminformatics and network pharmacology approach to elucidate the mechanism of action of γ-carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Front Pharmacol. 2024;15 :1457012. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1457012. PubMed PMID:39286631 PubMed Central PMC11402817.
  3. Parkkinen, J, Bhowmik, R, Tolvanen, M, Carta, F, Supuran, CT, Parkkila, S et al.. Mycobacterial β-carbonic anhydrases: Molecular biology, role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and inhibition studies. Enzymes. 2024;55 :343-381. doi: 10.1016/bs.enz.2024.05.012. PubMed PMID:39222997 .
  4. Manaithiya, A, Bhowmik, R, Acharjee, S, Sharma, S, Kumar, S, Imran, M et al.. Elucidating molecular mechanism and chemical space of chalcones through biological networks and machine learning approaches. Comput Struct Biotechnol J. 2024;23 :2811-2836. doi: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.07.006. PubMed PMID:39045026 PubMed Central PMC11263914.
  5. Halme, ALE, Laakkonen, S, Rutanen, J, Nevalainen, OPO, Sinisalo, M, Horstia, S et al.. Short- and long-term effects of imatinib in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A randomized trial. J Infect. 2024;89 (3):106217. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2024.106217. PubMed PMID:38969238 .
  6. Bhowmik, R, Kant, R, Manaithiya, A, Saluja, D, Vyas, B, Nath, R et al.. Corrigendum: Navigating bioactivity space in anti-tubercular drug discovery through the deployment of advanced machine learning models and cheminformatics tools: a molecular modeling based retrospective study. Front Pharmacol. 2023;14 :1340724. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1340724. PubMed PMID:38264524 PubMed Central PMC10805011.
  7. Haapanen, S, Barker, H, Carta, F, Supuran, CT, Parkkila, S. Novel Drug Screening Assay for and the Anti-Amoebic Effect of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. J Med Chem. 2024;67 (1):152-164. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01020. PubMed PMID:38150360 PubMed Central PMC10788897.

2023

  1. Bhowmik, R, Kant, R, Manaithiya, A, Saluja, D, Vyas, B, Nath, R et al.. Corrigendum: Navigating bioactivity space in anti-tubercular drug discovery through the deployment of advanced machine learning models and cheminformatics tools: a molecular modeling based retrospective study. Front Pharmacol. 2023;14 :1340724. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1340724. PubMed PMID:38264524 PubMed Central PMC10805011.
  2. Qureshi, KA, Parvez, A, Fahmy, NA, Abdel Hady, BH, Kumar, S, Ganguly, A et al.. Brucellosis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment-a comprehensive review. Ann Med. 2023;55 (2):2295398. doi: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2295398. PubMed PMID:38165919 PubMed Central PMC10769134.
  3. Haapanen, S, Barker, H, Carta, F, Supuran, CT, Parkkila, S. Novel Drug Screening Assay for and the Anti-Amoebic Effect of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. J Med Chem. 2024;67 (1):152-164. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01020. PubMed PMID:38150360 PubMed Central PMC10788897.
  4. Bhowmik, R, Kant, R, Manaithiya, A, Saluja, D, Vyas, B, Nath, R et al.. Navigating bioactivity space in anti-tubercular drug discovery through the deployment of advanced machine learning models and cheminformatics tools: a molecular modeling based retrospective study. Front Pharmacol. 2023;14 :1265573. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1265573. PubMed PMID:37705534 PubMed Central PMC10495588.
  5. Haapanen, S, Patrikainen, MS, Parkkila, S. Ultrasensitive and rapid diagnostic tool for detection of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2023;107 (2):116014. doi: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116014. PubMed PMID:37506594 .
  6. Gheibzadeh, MS, Manyumwa, CV, Tastan Bishop, Ö, Shahbani Zahiri, H, Parkkila, S, Zolfaghari Emameh, R et al.. Genome Study of α-, β-, and γ-Carbonic Anhydrases from the Thermophilic Microbiome of Marine Hydrothermal Vent Ecosystems. Biology (Basel). 2023;12 (6):. doi: 10.3390/biology12060770. PubMed PMID:37372055 PubMed Central PMC10295459.
  7. Abdoli, M, Bonardi, A, Paoletti, N, Aspatwar, A, Parkkila, S, Gratteri, P et al.. Inhibition Studies on Human and Mycobacterial Carbonic Anhydrases with -((4-Sulfamoylphenyl)carbamothioyl) Amides. Molecules. 2023;28 (10):. doi: 10.3390/molecules28104020. PubMed PMID:37241761 PubMed Central PMC10222120.
  8. Gautam, S, Qureshi, KA, Jameel Pasha, SB, Dhanasekaran, S, Aspatwar, A, Parkkila, S et al.. Medicinal Plants as Therapeutic Alternatives to Combat : A Comprehensive Review. Antibiotics (Basel). 2023;12 (3):. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12030541. PubMed PMID:36978408 PubMed Central PMC10044459.
  9. Haapanen, S, Angeli, A, Tolvanen, M, Emameh, RZ, Supuran, CT, Parkkila, S et al.. Cloning, characterization, and inhibition of the novel β-carbonic anhydrase from parasitic blood fluke, . J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2023;38 (1):2184299. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2184299. PubMed PMID:36856011 PubMed Central PMC9980027.
  10. Eloranta, K, Pihlajoki, M, Liljeström, E, Nousiainen, R, Soini, T, Lohi, J et al.. SLC-0111, an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase IX, attenuates hepatoblastoma cell viability and migration. Front Oncol. 2023;13 :1118268. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1118268. PubMed PMID:36776327 PubMed Central PMC9909558.
  11. Aspatwar, A, Bonardi, A, Aisala, H, Zueva, K, Primmer, CR, Lumme, J et al.. Sulphonamide inhibition studies of the β-carbonic anhydrase GsaCAβ present in the salmon platyhelminth parasite . J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2023;38 (1):2167988. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2167988. PubMed PMID:36647786 PubMed Central PMC9848252.
  12. Aspatwar, A, Supuran, CT, Waheed, A, Sly, WS, Parkkila, S. Mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase VA and VB: properties and roles in health and disease. J Physiol. 2023;601 (2):257-274. doi: 10.1113/JP283579. PubMed PMID:36464834 PubMed Central PMC10107955.
  13. Luoma, J, Adubra, L, Ashorn, P, Ashorn, U, Bendabenda, J, Dewey, KG et al.. Association between asymptomatic infections and linear growth in 18-24-month-old Malawian children. Matern Child Nutr. 2023;19 (1):e13417. doi: 10.1111/mcn.13417. PubMed PMID:36111423 PubMed Central PMC9749610.
  14. Gong, W, Parkkila, S, Wu, X, Aspatwar, A. SARS-CoV-2 variants and COVID-19 vaccines: Current challenges and future strategies. Int Rev Immunol. 2023;42 (6):393-414. doi: 10.1080/08830185.2022.2079642. PubMed PMID:35635216 .

2022

  1. Aspatwar, A, Supuran, CT, Waheed, A, Sly, WS, Parkkila, S. Mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase VA and VB: properties and roles in health and disease. J Physiol. 2023;601 (2):257-274. doi: 10.1113/JP283579. PubMed PMID:36464834 PubMed Central PMC10107955.
  2. Nevalainen, OPO, Horstia, S, Laakkonen, S, Rutanen, J, Mustonen, JMJ, Kalliala, IEJ et al.. Effect of remdesivir post hospitalization for COVID-19 infection from the randomized SOLIDARITY Finland trial. Nat Commun. 2022;13 (1):6152. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33825-5. PubMed PMID:36257950 PubMed Central PMC9579198.
  3. Angeli, A, Urbański, LJ, Capasso, C, Parkkila, S, Supuran, CT. Activation studies with amino acids and amines of a β-carbonic anhydrase from previously annotated as (SauBCA) carbonic anhydrase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2022;37 (1):2786-2792. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2131780. PubMed PMID:36210544 PubMed Central PMC9553136.
  4. Luoma, J, Adubra, L, Ashorn, P, Ashorn, U, Bendabenda, J, Dewey, KG et al.. Association between asymptomatic infections and linear growth in 18-24-month-old Malawian children. Matern Child Nutr. 2023;19 (1):e13417. doi: 10.1111/mcn.13417. PubMed PMID:36111423 PubMed Central PMC9749610.
  5. Bonardi, A, Parkkila, S, Supuran, CT. Inhibition studies of the protozoan α-carbonic anhydrase from with phenols. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2022;37 (1):2417-2422. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2119965. PubMed PMID:36065959 PubMed Central PMC9467564.
  6. Yrjänäinen, A, Patrikainen, MS, Azizi, L, Tolvanen, MEE, Laitaoja, M, Jänis, J et al.. Biochemical and Biophysical Characterization of Carbonic Anhydrase VI from Human Milk and Saliva. Protein J. 2022;41 (4-5):489-503. doi: 10.1007/s10930-022-10070-9. PubMed PMID:35947329 PubMed Central PMC9464147.
  7. Zolfaghari Emameh, R, Barker, HR, Turpeinen, H, Parkkila, S, Hytönen, VP. A reverse vaccinology approach on transmembrane carbonic anhydrases from Plasmodium species as vaccine candidates for malaria prevention. Malar J. 2022;21 (1):189. doi: 10.1186/s12936-022-04186-7. PubMed PMID:35706028 PubMed Central PMC9199335.
  8. Aspatwar, A, Barker, H, Aisala, H, Zueva, K, Kuuslahti, M, Tolvanen, M et al.. Cloning, purification, kinetic and anion inhibition studies of a recombinant β-carbonic anhydrase from the Atlantic salmon parasite platyhelminth . J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2022;37 (1):1577-1586. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2080818. PubMed PMID:35637617 PubMed Central PMC9176631.
  9. Gong, W, Parkkila, S, Wu, X, Aspatwar, A. SARS-CoV-2 variants and COVID-19 vaccines: Current challenges and future strategies. Int Rev Immunol. 2023;42 (6):393-414. doi: 10.1080/08830185.2022.2079642. PubMed PMID:35635216 .
  10. Urbański, LJ, Bua, S, Angeli, A, Emameh, RZ, Barker, HR, Kuuslahti, M et al.. The production and biochemical characterization of α-carbonic anhydrase from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2022;106 (11):4065-4074. doi: 10.1007/s00253-022-11990-3. PubMed PMID:35612631 PubMed Central PMC9200688.
  11. Aspatwar, A, Syrjänen, L, Parkkila, S. Roles of Carbonic Anhydrases and Carbonic Anhydrase Related Proteins in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23 (8):. doi: 10.3390/ijms23084342. PubMed PMID:35457162 PubMed Central PMC9032886.
  12. Aspatwar, A, Tolvanen, MEE, Barker, H, Syrjänen, L, Valanne, S, Purmonen, S et al.. Carbonic anhydrases in metazoan model organisms: molecules, mechanisms, and physiology. Physiol Rev. 2022;102 (3):1327-1383. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2021. PubMed PMID:35166161 .
  13. Urbański, LJ, Angeli, A, Mykuliak, VV, Azizi, L, Kuuslahti, M, Hytönen, VP et al.. Biochemical and structural characterization of beta-carbonic anhydrase from the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. J Mol Med (Berl). 2022;100 (1):115-124. doi: 10.1007/s00109-021-02148-1. PubMed PMID:34652457 PubMed Central PMC8724216.
  14. Aspatwar, A, Gong, W, Wang, S, Wu, X, Parkkila, S. Tuberculosis vaccine BCG: the magical effect of the old vaccine in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Int Rev Immunol. 2022;41 (2):283-296. doi: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1922685. PubMed PMID:33960271 PubMed Central PMC8108189.
  15. Nortunen, M, Väkiparta, N, Parkkila, S, Saarnio, J, Huhta, H, Karttunen, TJ et al.. Carbonic Anhydrases II, IX, and XII in Reflux Esophagitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2022;67 (5):1761-1772. doi: 10.1007/s10620-021-06985-5. PubMed PMID:33939141 PubMed Central PMC9142434.

2021

  1. Urbański, LJ, Angeli, A, Mykuliak, VV, Azizi, L, Kuuslahti, M, Hytönen, VP et al.. Biochemical and structural characterization of beta-carbonic anhydrase from the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. J Mol Med (Berl). 2022;100 (1):115-124. doi: 10.1007/s00109-021-02148-1. PubMed PMID:34652457 PubMed Central PMC8724216.
  2. Nortunen, M, Parkkila, S, Saarnio, J, Huhta, H, Karttunen, TJ. Carbonic Anhydrases II and IX in Non-ampullary Duodenal Adenomas and Adenocarcinoma. J Histochem Cytochem. 2021;69 (11):677-690. doi: 10.1369/00221554211050133. PubMed PMID:34636283 PubMed Central PMC8554582.
  3. Gong, W, Aspatwar, A, Wang, S, Parkkila, S, Wu, X. COVID-19 pandemic: SARS-CoV-2 specific vaccines and challenges, protection via BCG trained immunity, and clinical trials. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2021;20 (7):857-880. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2021.1938550. PubMed PMID:34078215 PubMed Central PMC8220438.
  4. Urbanski, LJ, Vullo, D, Parkkila, S, Supuran, CT. An anion and small molecule inhibition study of the β-carbonic anhydrase from Staphylococcus aureus. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2021;36 (1):1088-1092. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1931863. PubMed PMID:34056990 PubMed Central PMC8168783.
  5. Zolfaghari Emameh, R, Hosseini, SN, Parkkila, S. Application of beta and gamma carbonic anhydrase sequences as tools for identification of bacterial contamination in the whole genome sequence of inbred Wuzhishan minipig (Sus scrofa) annotated in databases. Database (Oxford). 2021;2021 :. doi: 10.1093/database/baab029. PubMed PMID:34003248 PubMed Central PMC8130508.
  6. Aspatwar, A, Gong, W, Wang, S, Wu, X, Parkkila, S. Tuberculosis vaccine BCG: the magical effect of the old vaccine in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Int Rev Immunol. 2022;41 (2):283-296. doi: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1922685. PubMed PMID:33960271 PubMed Central PMC8108189.
  7. Nortunen, M, Väkiparta, N, Parkkila, S, Saarnio, J, Huhta, H, Karttunen, TJ et al.. Carbonic Anhydrases II, IX, and XII in Reflux Esophagitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2022;67 (5):1761-1772. doi: 10.1007/s10620-021-06985-5. PubMed PMID:33939141 PubMed Central PMC9142434.
  8. Angeli, A, Urbański, LJ, Hytönen, VP, Parkkila, S, Supuran, CT. Activation of the β-carbonic anhydrase from the protozoan pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis with amines and amino acids. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2021;36 (1):758-763. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1897802. PubMed PMID:33715570 PubMed Central PMC7952076.
  9. Maleta, K, Fan, YM, Luoma, J, Ashorn, U, Bendabenda, J, Dewey, KG et al.. Infections and systemic inflammation are associated with lower plasma concentration of insulin-like growth factor I among Malawian children. Am J Clin Nutr. 2021;113 (2):380-390. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa327. PubMed PMID:33381802 PubMed Central PMC7851819.
  10. Urbański, LJ, Angeli, A, Hytönen, VP, Di Fiore, A, De Simone, G, Parkkila, S et al.. Inhibition of the β-carbonic anhydrase from the protozoan pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis with sulphonamides. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2021;36 (1):329-334. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1863958. PubMed PMID:33356653 PubMed Central PMC7782162.
  11. Liu, Z, Fan, YM, Ashorn, P, Cheung, YB, Hallamaa, L, Hyöty, H et al.. Faecal regenerating 1B protein concentration is not associated with child growth in rural Malawi. J Paediatr Child Health. 2021;57 (3):388-394. doi: 10.1111/jpc.15231. PubMed PMID:33112481 PubMed Central PMC8048694.

2020

  1. Zolfaghari Emameh, R, Masoori, L, Nosrati, H, Falak, R, Parkkila, S. Identification and characterization of the first fish parvalbumin-like protein data from a pathogenic fungal species, Trichophyton violaceum. Data Brief. 2020;33 :106420. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106420. PubMed PMID:33134447 PubMed Central PMC7586069.
  2. Barker, H, Parkkila, S. Bioinformatic characterization of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2. PLoS One. 2020;15 (10):e0240647. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240647. PubMed PMID:33112891 PubMed Central PMC7592753.
  3. Liu, Z, Fan, YM, Ashorn, P, Cheung, YB, Hallamaa, L, Hyöty, H et al.. Faecal regenerating 1B protein concentration is not associated with child growth in rural Malawi. J Paediatr Child Health. 2021;57 (3):388-394. doi: 10.1111/jpc.15231. PubMed PMID:33112481 PubMed Central PMC8048694.
  4. Urbański, LJ, Angeli, A, Hytönen, VP, Di Fiore, A, Parkkila, S, De Simone, G et al.. Inhibition of the newly discovered β‑carbonic anhydrase from the protozoan pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis with inorganic anions and small molecules. J Inorg Biochem. 2020;213 :111274. doi: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111274. PubMed PMID:33068968 .
  5. Urbanski, LJ, Bua, S, Angeli, A, Kuuslahti, M, Hytönen, VP, Supuran, CT et al.. Sulphonamide inhibition profile of Staphylococcus aureus β-carbonic anhydrase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2020;35 (1):1834-1839. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1826942. PubMed PMID:32972256 PubMed Central PMC7534311.
  6. Aspatwar, A, Berrino, E, Bua, S, Carta, F, Capasso, C, Parkkila, S et al.. Toxicity evaluation of sulfamides and coumarins that efficiently inhibit human carbonic anhydrases. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2020;35 (1):1765-1772. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1822829. PubMed PMID:32942905 PubMed Central PMC7534274.
  7. Pemmari, T, Laakso, J, Patrikainen, MS, Parkkila, S, Järvinen, TAH. Carbonic Anhydrase VI in Skin Wound Healing Study on Car6 Knockout Mice. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21 (14):. doi: 10.3390/ijms21145092. PubMed PMID:32708518 PubMed Central PMC7404312.
  8. Haapasalo, J, Nordfors, K, Haapasalo, H, Parkkila, S. The Expression of Carbonic Anhydrases II, IX and XII in Brain Tumors. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12 (7):. doi: 10.3390/cancers12071723. PubMed PMID:32610540 PubMed Central PMC7408524.
  9. Urbański, LJ, Di Fiore, A, Azizi, L, Hytönen, VP, Kuuslahti, M, Buonanno, M et al.. Biochemical and structural characterisation of a protozoan beta-carbonic anhydrase from Trichomonas vaginalis. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2020;35 (1):1292-1299. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1774572. PubMed PMID:32515610 PubMed Central PMC7717681.
  10. Anduran, E, Aspatwar, A, Parvathaneni, NK, Suylen, D, Bua, S, Nocentini, A et al.. Hypoxia-Activated Prodrug Derivatives of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in Benzenesulfonamide Series: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation. Molecules. 2020;25 (10):. doi: 10.3390/molecules25102347. PubMed PMID:32443462 PubMed Central PMC7287649.
  11. Zolfaghari Emameh, R, Kuuslahti, M, Nosrati, H, Lohi, H, Parkkila, S. Assessment of databases to determine the validity of β- and γ-carbonic anhydrase sequences from vertebrates. BMC Genomics. 2020;21 (1):352. doi: 10.1186/s12864-020-6762-2. PubMed PMID:32393172 PubMed Central PMC7216627.
  12. Angeli, A, Etxebeste-Mitxeltorena, M, Sanmartín, C, Espuelas, S, Moreno, E, Azqueta, A et al.. Tellurides Bearing Sulfonamides as Novel Inhibitors of Leishmanial Carbonic Anhydrase with Potent Antileishmanial Activity. J Med Chem. 2020;63 (8):4306-4314. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00211. PubMed PMID:32223141 .
  13. Aspatwar, A, Parvathaneni, NK, Barker, H, Anduran, E, Supuran, CT, Dubois, L et al.. Design, synthesis, in vitro inhibition and toxicological evaluation of human carbonic anhydrases I, II and IX inhibitors in 5-nitroimidazole series. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2020;35 (1):109-117. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1685510. PubMed PMID:31687859 PubMed Central PMC6844379.
  14. Aspatwar, A, Hammaren, M, Parikka, M, Parkkila, S, Carta, F, Bozdag, M et al.. In vitro inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis β-carbonic anhydrase 3 with Mono- and dithiocarbamates and evaluation of their toxicity using zebrafish developing embryos. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2020;35 (1):65-71. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1683007. PubMed PMID:31663386 PubMed Central PMC6830242.
  15. Llanos, MA, Sbaraglini, ML, Villalba, ML, Ruiz, MD, Carrillo, C, Alba Soto, C et al.. A structure-based approach towards the identification of novel antichagasic compounds: Trypanosoma cruzi carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2020;35 (1):21-30. doi: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1677638. PubMed PMID:31619095 PubMed Central PMC6807911.

2019

Al-Tamimi AS, Etxebeste-Mitxeltorena M, Sanmartín C, Jiménez-Ruiz A, Syrjänen L, Parkkila S, Selleri S, Carta F, Angeli A, Supuran CT
Discovery of new organoselenium compounds as antileishmanial agents.
Bioorg Chem ;2019
PMID

Bua S, Haapanen S, Kuuslahti M, Parkkila S, Supuran CT
Entamoeba histolytica with Amino Acids and Amines.
Metabolites ;2019
PMID

Ketomäki T, Vähätupa M, May U, Pemmari T, Ruikka E, Hietamo J, Kaipiainen P, Barker H, Parkkila S, Uusitalo-Järvinen H, Järvinen TAH
R-Ras regulates vascular permeability, but not overall healing in skin wounds.
Exp Dermatol ;28(2)202-206, 2019
PMID

2018

Vullo D, Syrjänen L, Kuuslahti M, Parkkila S, Supuran CT
Anion inhibition studies of a beta carbonic anhydrase from the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae.
J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem ;33(1)359-363, 2018
PMID

Aspatwar A, Winum JY, Carta F, Supuran CT, Hammaren M, Parikka M, Parkkila S
In Vivo Studies.
Molecules ;2018
PMID

Nortunen M, Huhta H, Helminen O, Parkkila S, Kauppila JH, Karttunen TJ, Saarnio J
Carbonic anhydrases II, IX, and XII in Barrett’s esophagus and adenocarcinoma.
Virchows Arch ;473(5)567-575, 2018
PMID

Angeli A, Kuuslahti M, Parkkila S, Supuran CT
Activation studies with amines and amino acids of the a-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi.
Bioorg Med Chem ;26(14)4187-4190, 2018
PMID

Leppänen J, Helminen O, Huhta H, Kauppila JH, Isohookana J, Haapasaari KM, Parkkila S, Saarnio J, Lehenkari PP, Karttunen TJ
Weak HIF-1alpha expression indicates poor prognosis in resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
World J Surg Oncol ;16(1)127, 2018
PMID

Bua S, Haapanen S, Kuuslahti M, Parkkila S, Supuran CT
Entamoeba histolytica.
Int J Mol Sci ;2018
PMID

Aspatwar A, Becker HM, Parvathaneni NK, Hammaren M, Svorjova A, Barker H, Supuran CT, Dubois L, Lambin P, Parikka M, Parkkila S, Winum JY
Nitroimidazole-based inhibitors DTP338 and DTP348 are safe for zebrafish embryos and efficiently inhibit the activity of human CA IX in Xenopus oocytes.
J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem ;33(1)1064-1073, 2018
PMID

Haapanen S, Bua S, Kuuslahti M, Parkkila S, Supuran CT
Entamoeba histolytica.
Molecules ;2018
PMID

Leppänen J, Helminen O, Huhta H, Kauppila JH, Isohookana J, Haapasaari KM, Karihtala P, Parkkila S, Saarnio J, Lehenkari PP, Karttunen TJ
Toll-like receptors 2, 4 and 9 and hypoxia markers HIF-1alpha and CAIX in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia.
APMIS ;126(11)852-863, 2018
PMID

Angeli A, Donald WA, Parkkila S, Supuran CT
Activation studies with amines and amino acids of the ß-carbonic anhydrase from the pathogenic protozoan Leishmania donovani chagasi.
Bioorg Chem ;2018
PMID

Zolfaghari Emameh R, Barker HR, Hytönen VP, Parkkila S
Involvement of ß-Carbonic Anhydrase Genes in Bacterial Genomic Islands and Their Horizontal Transfer to Protists.
Appl Environ Microbiol ;2018
PMID

Zolfaghari Emameh R, Purmonen S, Sukura A, Parkkila S
Surveillance and diagnosis of zoonotic foodborne parasites.
Food Sci Nutr ;6(1)3-17, 2018
PMID

Karjalainen SL, Haapasalo HK, Aspatwar A, Barker H, Parkkila S, Haapasalo JA
Carbonic anhydrase related protein expression in astrocytomas and oligodendroglial tumors.
BMC Cancer ;18(1)584, 2018
PMID

Aspatwar A, Haapanen S, Parkkila S
An Update on the Metabolic Roles of Carbonic Anhydrases in the Model Alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
Metabolites ;2018
PMID

2017

Patrikainen MS, Tolvanen MEE, Aspatwar A, Barker HR, Ortutay C, Jänis J, Laitaoja M, Hytönen VP, Azizi L, Manandhar P, Jáger E, Vullo D, Kukkurainen S, Hilvo M, Supuran CT, Parkkila S
Danio rerio) pentraxin-carbonic anhydrase.
PeerJ ;2017
PMID

Kazokaite J, Aspatwar A, Parkkila S, Matulis D
An update on anticancer drug development and delivery targeting carbonic anhydrase IX.
PeerJ ;2017
PMID

Kazokaite J, Aspatwar A, Kairys V, Parkkila S, Matulis D
Fluorinated benzenesulfonamide anticancer inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase IX exhibit lower toxic effects on zebrafish embryonic development than ethoxzolamide.
Drug Chem Toxicol ;40(3)309-319, 2017
PMID

Aspatwar A, Hammarén M, Koskinen S, Luukinen B, Barker H, Carta F, Supuran CT, Parikka M, Parkkila S
ß-CA-specific inhibitor dithiocarbamate Fc14-584B: a novel antimycobacterial agent with potential to treat drug-resistant tuberculosis.
J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem ;32(1)832-840, 2017
PMID

Barker H, Aaltonen M, Pan P, Vähätupa M, Kaipiainen P, May U, Prince S, Uusitalo-Järvinen H, Waheed A, Pastoreková S, Sly WS, Parkkila S, Järvinen TA
Role of carbonic anhydrases in skin wound healing.
Exp Mol Med ;49(5)e334, 2017
PMID

Järvinen P, Kivelä AJ, Nummela P, Lepistö A, Ristimäki A, Parkkila S
Carbonic anhydrase II: a novel biomarker for pseudomyxoma peritonei.
APMIS ;125(3)207-212, 2017
PMID

2016

Viikilä P, Kivelä AJ, Mustonen H, Koskensalo S, Waheed A, Sly WS, Pastorek J, Pastorekova S, Parkkila S, Haglund C
Carbonic anhydrase enzymes II, VII, IX and XII in colorectal carcinomas.
World J Gastroenterol ;22(36)8168-77, 2016
PMID

Patrikainen MS, Pan P, Barker HR, Parkkila S
Altered gene expression in the lower respiratory tract of Car6 (-/-) mice.
Transgenic Res ;25(5)649-64, 2016
PMID

Zolfaghari Emameh R, Kuuslahti M, Näreaho A, Sukura A, Parkkila S
Innovative molecular diagnosis of Trichinella species based on ß-carbonic anhydrase genomic sequence.
Microb Biotechnol ;9(2)172-9, 2016
PMID

Niinimaki E, Muola P, Parkkila S, Kholová I, Haapasalo H, Pastorekova S, Pastorek J, Paavonen T, Mennander A
Carbonic anhydrase IX deposits are associated with increased ascending aortic dilatation.
Scand Cardiovasc J ;50(3)162-6, 2016
PMID

Zolfaghari Emameh R, Barker HR, Tolvanen ME, Parkkila S, Hytönen VP
Horizontal transfer of ß-carbonic anhydrase genes from prokaryotes to protozoans, insects, and nematodes.
Parasit Vectors ;2016
PMID

Zolfaghari Emameh R, Barker HR, Syrjänen L, Urbanski L, Supuran CT, Parkkila S
Identification and inhibition of carbonic anhydrases from nematodes.
J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem ;31(sup4)176-184, 2016
PMID