We are more than happy to answer your questions regarding multiculturalism, transnationalism and transformation in education.
Most of my current research addresses the educational needs of migrant and refugee students. I lead a Research Council of Finland-funded consortium Learning, Engaging, Participating: Exploring Newly Arrived Migrant Students’ Pathways in Education and Society (PATHWAYS, 2025-2029) and a project exploring the state and future of refugee education in Finland (Kone Foundation, 2023–2027), and thirdly, a Nordic project exploring pandemics and forced migration(NordForsk, 2023–2027).
My previous projects have examined, for example, school engagement and learning among students transitioning from preparatory education to basic education, the well-being of unaccompanied asylum-seeking youth, and how refugee students understand experiences of success in their everyday school life.
Theoretically, my research is grounded in practice theories. Together with colleagues from Australia and the Nordic countries, I explore, for example, how school practices could be transformed to be more sustainable, and how all social practices are shaped or enabled by a set of arrangements that can be understood and changed. This work is discussed in books I have co-edited, including Living Well in a World Worth Living in, volumes 1 and 2 (Reimer et al., 2024, 2025), Pedagogy, Education and Praxis in Critical Times (Mahon et al., 2020), and Researching Practices across and within Diverse Educational Sites (Whatman et al., 2024).
I began working in Tampere in 2019 at the Tampere Institute for Advanced Social Research (IASR). Prior to that, I was a lecturer at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia (2016–2019), and at the University of Oulu (2015–2016). In 2022–2023, I was a Fulbright Senior Scholar at Harvard University, at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. My background is in classroom teaching. I have graduated from the Intercultural Teacher Education (ITE)-program at the University of Oulu, and I have worked as a classroom teacher and an English teacher.
I am Professor (Multicultural Education) at Faculty of Education and Culture, teaching courses on multicultural education, qualitative research methods and academic writing. I lead the projects mentioned above. Much of my teaching is in doctoral studies. I teach courses on dissertation writing and speeding up the doctoral process. I am the vice chair of our faculty's evaluation group for doctoral studies, and I enjoy supervising doctoral researchers. I am also a member of Tampere University's Equality and Equity Board.
MTT - Multiculturalism, Transnationalism and Transformation in Education
Refugee education, practice theory, multicultural education, intercultural education, research ethics.
Suomen Kulttuurirahaston Pirkanmaan rahaston hoitokunta.
Selected scientific articles:
Macaulay, L. Kaukko, M. (2025) Runoja pakolaisnuorten kokemuksista. Äänikeskeisen runoanalyysin kokeiluja. Nuorisotutkimus 43(3), 57-69.
Kaukko, M., Neuhaus, S., Välimäki, M. (2025). For the nation and the future: Historical snapshots into refugee education during the last 100 years in Finland and Sweden. History of Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/0046760X.2025.2577671
Kaukko, M., Dryden-Peterson, S., Wilkinson, J., & Kemmis, S. (2025). Refugee education for living well in a world worth living in. Teachers and Teaching, Theory and Practice, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2025.2478151
Kuusisto, E., Rissanen, I., Timm, S., & Kaukko, M. (2025). Civic purposes in teaching: A study among Finnish and German student teachers. European Educational Research Journal EERJ. https://doi.org/10.1177/14749041251359342
Alisaari, J., Harju-Autti, R., Kaukko, M., Heikkola, L. M., Mustonen, S., & Petäjäniemi, M. (2025). Administrators’ views on supporting newly arrived students in Finland. Apples, 76–92. https://doi.org/10.47862/apples.144900
Kaukko, M., Macaulay, L., Reimer, K., Dunwoodie, K., Webb, S., & Wilkinson, J. (2024). “It is a university where I felt welcome”: poems of asylum-seeking students’ sense of coherence in Australian higher education. Higher Education Research and Development, 43(4), 889–905. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2023.2280746
Kaukko, M. (2024). Kolme tapaa nähdä pakolaislapsi väärin. Kasvatus & Aika,18(3). https://doi.org/10.33350/ka.14652
Kauhanen, I., Lanas, M., & Kaukko, M. (2024). (Im)possibilities of parity of participation in school settings in the lives of unaccompanied youth. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 28(14), 3422–3436. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603116.2023.2287474
Kaukko, M. Petäjäniemi, M., Harju-Autti, R., Haswell, N. Alisaari, J. Heikkola, L. & Mustonen, S. (2023) Tasapainoilua, tilan antamista ja näkymätisöintiä – Pakolaisaiheiden käsittely suomalaisissa kouluissa [Balancing, giving space and invisibilsation – Addressing refugee issues in Finnish schools]. Kasvatus ja Aika [Education and Time], 17(4).
Kaukko, M., Macaulay, L., Reimer, K., Webb, S., Dunwoodie, K. and Wilkinson, J. (2023) ‘It is a university where I felt welcome’: Poems of asylum-seeking students’ sense of coherence in Australian higher education. Higher Education Research and Development. DOI 10.1080/07294360.2023.2280746
Kauhanen, I., Lanas, M. & Kaukko, M. (2023) (Im)possibilities of Parity of Participation in School Settings in the Lives of Unaccompanied Youth. International Journal of Inclusive Education, DOI 10.1080/13603116.2023.2287474
Rissanen, I., Kuusisto, E., Timm, S., & Kaukko, M. (2023). Diversity beliefs are associated with orientations to teaching for diversity and social justice: A study among German and Finnish student teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 123, 103996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2022.103996
Kaukko, M., Alisaari, J., Heikkola, L., Haswell, N. (2022) Migrant Background Students’ Experiences of Facing and Overcoming Difficulties in Finnish Comprehensive Schools. Education sciences. 12, 450. DOI: 10.3390/educsci12070450
Kaukko M., Wilkinson J., Haswell, N. (2022). ‘This is our treehouse’. Investigating play through a practice architectures lens. Childhood 29(2), 187–203. DOI:10.1177/09075682221091419
Korkiamäki, R. & Kaukko, M. (2023) Faceless, voiceless child – Ethics of visual anonymity in research with children and young people Childhood 30(1), 55–70. DOI:10.1177/09075682221126586
Mustonen, S., Kaukko, M., Alisaari, J., Petäjäniemi, M., Heikkola, L. M., Harju-Autti, R., & Haswell, N. (2023). Pakolaistaustaisten oppilaiden tuki koulutoimen hallinnollisissa diskursseissa [School administration discourses concerning support for students with a refugee background]. AFinLAn Vuosikirja. https://doi.org/10.30661/afinlavk.127097
Kaukko, M. & Wilkinson, J. (2023) Challenging ontological and epistemological assumptions of researching: A practice architectures approach. In Whatman, S. Wilkinson, J., Kaukko, M., Vedeler, G., Blue, L. & Reimer, K. (eds). Researching practices across and within diverse educational sites. Onto-epistemological considerations. Emerald, 23-36.
Kaukko, M. & Wilkinson, J. (2023) A site-ontological approach to researching with children and youth from refugee background. In Whatman, S. Wilkinson, J., Kaukko, M., Vedeler, G., Blue, L. & Reimer, K. (eds). Researching practices across and within diverse educational sites. Onto-epistemological considerations. Emerald, 37-60.
Whatman, S. Wilkinson, J., Kaukko, M., Vedeler, G., Blue, L. & Reimer, K. (2023) Concluding thoughts on methodological resources and research challenges in diverse educational sites. In Whatman, S. Wilkinson, J., Kaukko, M., Vedeler, G., Blue, L. & Reimer, K. (eds). Researching practices across and within diverse educational sites. Onto-epistemological considerations. Emerald, 163-168.
Whatman, S. Wilkinson, J., Kaukko, M., Vedeler, G., Blue, L. & Reimer, K. (2023) Onto-epistemological and axiological consideration for researching practices. In Whatman, S. Wilkinson, J., Kaukko, M., Vedeler, G., Blue, L. & Reimer, K. (eds). Researching practices across and within diverse educational sites. Onto-epistemological considerations. Emerald, 1-22.
Kaukko, M., Windsor, S., Reimer, K. (2023). Searching for worlds for living in. In Reimer, K. Kaukko, M. Kemmis, S. Mahon, K. & Windsor, S. (eds). Living Well in a World Worth Living in for All: Current practices of social justice, sustainability and wellbeing (Part 1). Springer.
Heikkinen, H., Kiilakoski, T., Kaukko, M. & Kemmis, S. (2023) Tehtävänä on käytäntöjen muuttaminen. Ekososiaalinen sivistys käytäntöarkkitehtuuriteorian valossa. [Changing practices. Eco-social wisdom in the light of practice architectures] Kasvatus 1(23).
Haswell, N., Kaukko, M., Knag Fylkesnes, M., Sullivan, P. (2023) Keeping each other safe: Young refugees’ navigation towards a good life in Finland, Norway, and Scotland. In Reimer, K. Kaukko, M. Kemmis, S. Mahon, K. & Windsor, S. (eds). Living Well in a World Worth Living in for All: Current practices of social justice, sustainability and wellbeing (Part 1). Springer.
Keary, A., Reupert, A., Kaukko, M., & Wilkinson, J. (2023) Education and Ethics of Care when Working with Refugee Families during COVID-19. Early years, 43(4–5), 875–888.
Kauhanen, I., Kaukko, M., Lanas, M. (2022) Pockets of love. Unaccompanied children in institutional care in Finland. In Children and Youth Services Review. Vol 141, DOI:10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106621
Alisaari, J., Kaukko, M. & Heikkola, L. (2022) Kotoutuminen, kuuluvuus, kielitaito ja kaverit: Opettajien ajatuksia maahanmuuttajataustaisten oppilaiden opetuksen kehittämiskohdista. [Integration, belonging, language and friends. Teachers’ thoughts about areas to develop in migrant students’ education]. Kasvatus ja aika 16(2), 26–46. DOI:10.33350/ka.103434
Alisaari, J., Kaukko, M. & Heikkola, L. (2022) Riitänkö minä? Osaanko auttaa? Opettajien huolia maahanmuuttajataustaisten oppilaiden opetuksessa. [Am I enough? Exploring teachers’ worries about working with migrant students] Kasvatus 53 (3), 229–244.
Alisaari, J., Kaukko, M., Heikkola & L. (2022) The Joys of Teaching: Working with language learners in Finnish classrooms. Scandinavian Journal of Education, 66 (4), 566-579 DOI: 10.1080/00313831.2021.1897877
Laletas, S., Grove, C., Sharma, U., O’Toole, T. & Kaukko, M. (2022) Breaking down the walls of the ‘Ivory Tower’: critical reflections on how co-teaching partnerships can bridge the gap between inclusive education theory and practice, Teachers and Teaching, DOI: 10.1080/13540602.2022.2062742
Millei, Z., Kaukko, M. & Korkiamäki, R. (2022) Thinking with publics, politics and ethical boards in ethnographic research. In B. Hünersdorf, G. Breidenstein, J. Dinkelacker, O. Schnoor & T. Tayagunova (eds) Going public? Ethnography in Education and Social Works and its Publics. Springer.
MacDonald, K., Diamond, F., Wilkinson, J., Sum, N., Longmuir, F., Kaukko, M. (2022) Creating spaces of learning in academia: Fostering niches for professional learning practice. Studies in Continuing Education (44)2, 266-283, DOI: 10.1080/0158037X.2021.1956890
Keary, A., Reupert, A., Kaukko, M., & Wilkinson, J. (2022) Education and Ethics of Care when Working with Refugee Families during COVID-19. Early years. DOI: 10.1080/09575146.2022.2031120
Kaukko, M. (2021) Storycrafting refugee children’s lives. Presenting Ali and the Long Journey to Australia. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, online ahead of print.
Kaukko, M., Wilkinson, J., & Kohli, R. (2021) Pedagogical love in Finland and Australia. A study of refugee children and their teachers. Pedagogy, Society and Culture, online ahead of print.
Kaukko M. & Wilkinson J. (2021) ‘Learning how to go on’: Refugee students and informal learning practices. International Journal of Inclusive Education (24)11, 1175-1193.
Kaukko, M., Kemmis, S., Heikkinen, H. Kiilakoski, T. & Haswell, N. (2021). How to survive amidst nested crises: can the coronavirus pandemic help us change educational practices to prepare for the impending eco-crisis? Environmental Educational Research 27(11), 1559-1573.
Kauhanen, I., Kaukko, M., Lanas, M. (2022) Pockets of love. Unaccompanied children in institutional care in Finland. In Children and Youth Services Review. Vol 141, DOI:10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106621
Scientific books:
Reimer, K., Kaukko, M., Windsor, S., Kemmis, S., & Mahon, K. (2023). Living Well in a World Worth Living in For All: Current Practices of Social Justice, Sustainability and Wellbeing. Springer.
Reimer, K., Kaukko, M., Windsor, S., Kemmis, S., & Mahon, K. (2024). Living Well in a World Worth Living in For All: enacting praxis for a Just and Sustainable Future. Springer.
Whatman, S. Wilkinson, J., Kaukko, M., Vedeler, G., Blue, L. & Reimer, K. (2023). Researching practices across and within diverse educational sites. Onto-epistemological considerations. Emerald,
Lampert, J., Kaukko, M., Wilkinson, J. & Garcia-Carrion, R. (2024). Disadvantage: Keywords in Teacher Education (1st ed.). Bloomsbury Publishing.
Heikkinen, H. Kaukko, M. (2023) Toimintatutkimus. Käytännön opas. Vastapaino.
Special issues:
Weck, V., Kaukko, M., Proyer, M., Macaulay, L. (2025) Disputing Deindividualisation: Learning with and from refugees and migrants to make education more inclusive. In International Journal of Inclusive Education.
Kohli, R. K. S., Fylkesnes, M. K., Kaukko, M., & White, S. C. (2024). Forced Migration: A Relational Wellbeing Approach. Social Sciences (Basel), 13(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13010052
Petäjäniemi, M. & Kaukko, M. (2025) Turvan rajat. Pakolaisnuoruus Suomessa. Nuorisotutkimus 3/2025
Heikkinen, H. Kaukko, M. Nikkola, T. & Saari, A. (2021) Kasvatuksen dekontekstualisaatio. Kasvatus 4/2021.
Intercultural education, education for sustainability, religions and worldviews in education, teacher education
Teachers as agents of cultural transformation for sustainability, social psychological perspectives in intercultural education and teachers' intercultural professionalism, growth mindset pedagogy
Tutkimustuotos: Artikkeli › Tieteellinen › vertaisarvioitu
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I am a Senior Research Fellow at Tampere Institute for Advanced Study (2024-2027). Here is a link to a short video about my research.
I am a researcher of purpose in life and class tutoring (also known as homeroom teaching and form tutoring). I am also interested in teachers’ professional ethics and school pedagogy, on which I have written two books (see Tirri & Kuusisto, 2019, 2022).
I am currently leading the MOTIproject “Towards professional class tutoring and a motivating school community”, funded by the Kone Foundation and Tampere Institute for Advanced Study (2024-2027). The MOTIproject addresses the problems of young people and schools by developing class tutoring pedagogy. The project will support the well-being and life purposes of both class tutors and young people. MOTI is an interdisciplinary and multi-method research project combining research and art, and bringing together the research traditions of life purpose, youth studies and school pedagogy.
I also run Erasmus+ Blended Intensive Programme (BIP) “Ethics education for future teachers” with researchers from Palacký University Olomouc in the Czech Republic, Comenius University Bratislava in Slovakia and Tallinn University in Estonia. The course was taught in Olomouc in 2024 and in Tampere in 2025.
In 2019-2022 I led a Finnish-Dutch study on the life purposes of higher education students (e.g., Kuusisto ym., 2023).
At Tampere University, I am also a University Lecturer, specializing in diversity and inclusive education. I hold Title of Docent (Associate Professor) at the University of Helsinki. Before coming to Tampere, I worked as a Postdoctoral Researcher at the University of Helsinki (2011-2018), as an Associate Professor at the University of Humanistic Studies in Utrecth, the Netherlands (2018-2019), and as a Senior Researcher at the Tallinn University (2018-2019).
I am on the editorial boards of the Journal of Moral Education and the International Journal of Children's Spirituality.
Tampere Institute for Advanced Study; MTT - Multiculturalism, transnationalism and transformation in education
Purpose in life, class tutoring pedagogy, class tutors, homeroom teachers, teachers' professional ethics, growth mindset
CLASS TUTORING - HOMEROOM TEACHING - FORM TUTORING
Kuusisto, E., Koskela, T., Viljanen, M., & Järvelä, V. (2025). Näkymätön näkyväksi - Yläkoulun opettajien tuen tarve luokanohjaajan opiskeluhuoltotehtävissä [Making the invisible visible – Lower secondary school teachers’ needs as class tutors in student welfare support]. Kasvatus, 56(3), 327–345. https://doi.org/10.33348/kvt.162448
PURPOSE AND PURPSEFUL EDUCATION
Kuusisto, E., Gholami, K., & Tirri, K. (2016). Finnish and Iranian teachers’ views on their competence to teach purpose. Journal of Education for Teaching, 42 (5), 541-555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2016.1226553
Kuusisto, E., de Groot, I., de Ruyter, D., Schutte, I., Rissanen, I., & Suransky, C. (2023). Life purposes: Comparing higher education students in four institutions in the Netherlands and Finland. Journal of Moral Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2022.2159347
Kuusisto, E., & Schutte, I. (2022). Sustainability as a purpose in life among Dutch higher education students. Environmental Education Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2022.2107617
Kuusisto, E., & Rissanen, I. (2023). Kohti päämäärätietoista yhteiskunnallista opettajuutta? Opettajaopiskelijoiden tulevalle työlleen asettamat päämäärät [Towards a purposeful, societal teaching profession? Student teachers’ work-related purposes]. Kasvatus, 54(4), 385–398. https://doi.org/10.33348/kvt.138074 - English summary: https://journal.fi/kasvatus/article/view/138049/85994
Kuusisto, E., & Tirri, K. (2021). The challenge of educating purposeful teachers in Finland. Education Sciences, 11(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11010029
TEACHER ETHICS
Kuusisto, E., Ubani, M., Nokelainen, P. & Toom, A. (Eds.) (2021). Good teachers for tomorrow’s schools – Purpose, values and talents in education. Brill Sense. https://brill.com/display/title/60323
Tirri, K., & Kuusisto, E. (2022). Teachers’ professional ethics: Theoretical frameworks and empirical research from Finland. Brill. https://brill.com/display/title/63853
Tirri, K., & Kuusisto, E. (2019). Opettajan ammattietiikkaa oppimassa [Learning teachers’ professional ethics]. Helsinki: Gaudeamus.
Gholami, K., Kuusisto, E., & Tirri, K. (2015). Is ethical sensitivity in teaching culturally bound? Comparing Finnish and Iranian teachers’ ethical sensitivity. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 45 (6), 886-907. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2014.984588
GROWTH MINDSET
Kuusisto, E., Laine, S., & Tirri, K. (2017). How do school children and adolescents perceive the nature of talent development? A case study from Finland. Education Research International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/4162957
Rissanen, I., Kuusisto, E., Tuominen, M., & Tirri, K. (2019). In search of a growth mindset pedagogy: A case study of one teacher’s classroom practices in a Finnish elementary school. Teaching and Teacher Education, 77, 204-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.10.002
Rissanen, I., Laine, S., Puusepp, I., Kuusisto, E., & Tirri, K. (2021). Implementing and evaluating growth mindset pedagogy -A study of Finnish elementary school teachers. Frontiers in Education. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.753698
CULTURES AND WORLDVIEWS
Kuusisto, E., Kuusisto, A., Rissanen, I., Holm, K., & Tirri, K. (2015). Finnish teachers’ and students’ intercultural sensitivity. Journal of Religious Education, 63 (29), 65–77. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40839-016-0018-0
Rissanen, I., Kuusisto, E., & Kuusisto, A. (2016). Developing teachers’ intercultural sensitivity: Case study on a pilot course in Finnish teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 59, 446-456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.07.018
GIFTEDNESS
Kuusisto, E., Laine, S., & Rissanen, I. (2021). Education of the gifted and talented in Finland. In E. Kuusisto, M. Ubani, P. Nokelainen, & A. Toom (Eds.), Good teachers for tomorrow’s schools – Purpose, values and talents in education (pp. 195–216). Brill Sense. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004465008_011
Tirri, K., & Kuusisto, E. (2013). How Finland serves gifted and talented pupils. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 36(1), 84– 96. https://doi.org/10.1177/0162353212468066