Highlights
• A simple numerical exponential method to model supercapacitors’ discharge behavior.
• Using experimental electrical parameters of supercapacitors to model self-discharge.
• Accurately modeling inherent non-linearity of self-discharge and leakage current.
• High accuracy prediction of long-term discharge behavior of supercapacitor modules.
• A practical approach to simulate supercapacitors’ behavior based on only C and ESR.